Foi conduzido um estudo numa escola publica de área rural em Yucatan, Mexico com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de pediculose e fatores de risco associados. Das 140 crianças incluídas 19 (13.6%) apresentaram pediculose. A infestação de piolho foi associada com baixa renda (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) e maior frequência de lavagem de cabelos (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Programas intersetoriais de controle da pediculose que levam em conta as características socioeconômicas das crianças deveriam ser executados.

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6%) and this was associated with both lower income (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) and a higher frequency of hair washing (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Intersectoral control programs that take into account the socioeconomic differences of children should be implemented.

The objective of this study was to determine the molecular pattern of M. bovis isolates from cattle of Northern Mexico and its relationship with some risk factors. Isolates (n=60) were obtained from the states of Coahuila (COA, n=14), Tamaulipas (TAM, n=16), Nuevo Leon (NL, n=14) and, Baja California and Durango (DUR, n=16). The risk factors studied were: system of production (Dairy and beef), state, age, lesion type (localized and generalized), and type of presentation (caseous and calcified). Samples were analyzed at the Regional Laboratory of Monterrey NL, following a spoligotyping protocol. Twenty-five spoligotypes belonging to the M. bovis complex were identified. Eleven (18.3%) isolates presented a unique pattern, whereas 49 (81.7%) were grouped in 14 clusters. The largest clusters had 12 and 17 isolates. The average heterocigosities per state were 21.4% (NL), 15.6% (TAM), (15.6% COA) and 9.9% (DUR). The genetic distances of the isolates between states did not show differences (P > 0.05) when examined by Chi-square tests. The average genetic diversity (15.6%) was due to the variation of strains within subpopulations. In this study an 8.3% difference among states was obtained, which suggest the idea of a unique strain of M. bovis with many variants and that the genetic diversity found for M. bovis could be in part to animal movement between regions. Statistical analysis did not show association (P > 0.05) between risk factors and strains ofM. bovis.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el patrón molecular de aislamientos de M. bovis en ganado del Noreste de México y su asociación con algunos factores de riesgo. Los aislamientos (n=60) fueron obtenidos de los estados de Coahuila (COA, n=14), Tamaulipas (TAM, n=16), Nuevo León (NL, n=14) y Baja California y Durango (DUR, n=16). Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron: sistema de producción (Ganado para carne o leche), estado, edad, tipo de lesión (localizada y generalizada), y tipo de presentación (caseosa y calcificada). Las muestras fueron analizadas en el laboratorio regional de Monterrey NL, siguiendo un protocolo para espoligotipos. Veinticinco espoligotipos pertenecientes al complejo M. bovis fueron identificados. Once (18.3%) aislamientos presentaron un patrón único, mientras que 49 (81.7%) fueron agrupados en 14 conglomerados. Los conglomerados más grandes tuvieron 12 y 17 aislamientos. Las heterocigosidades promedio por estado fueron 21.4% (NL), 15.6% (TAM), (15.6% COA) y 9.9% (DUR). Las distancias genéticas de los aislamientos entre estados no mostró significancia (P > 0.05), cuando se examino mediante la prueba de Jicuadrada. El promedio de diversidad genética (15.6%) se debió a la variación entre cepas dentro de subpoblaciones. En este estudio se obtuvo un 8.3% de diferencia entre estados, lo que sugiere la idea de una única cepa de M. bovis con muchas variantes y que la diversidad genética encontrada para M. bovis podría ser debida en parte al movimiento de animales entre regiones. El análisis estadístico no mostró asociación (P > 0.05) entre los factores de riesgo y las cepas de M. bovis.

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rate, the cumulative incidence of Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and the frequency of macroscopic and microscopic lesions of PMWS and PDNS in pigs in a farm in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. A group of production consisting of 235 pigs was observed from 4 to 22 weeks of life to determine the number of new cases compatible with the PMWS and PDNS. In addition pigs necropsied on the farm that were discarded and with signs consistent with syndromes studied. 80 pigs were studied, the organs inspected during the necropsy were the lungs, lymphonodes, spleen, liver, tonsils, ileum, kidneys and skin, samples of all organs were obtained for histopathological studies. The results were: 14 pigs with signs consistent with syndromes mentioned, 7 with the PMWS and 7 with the PDNS. The cumulate incidence and incidence rate for both syndromes was 0.06 and 0.0034 respectively. Five pigs died, 3 due to PMWS and 2 due to PDNS. The lethality rate calculated for PMWS and PDNS was of 0.4 and 0.3 respectively. The average time elapsed since the start of the observation period until the pigs sick with the PMWS and PDNS were 13.8 and 16.8 weeks respectively. The principal organ affected were the lymph nodes (100%) where the main macroscopic injury was a lymphadenomegaly with diffuse edema (56%) and the microscopic was a histiocytic lymphadenitis with lymphoid atrophy (64%).

El objetivo fue estimar la incidencia acumulada y verdadera, la tasa de letalidad y la frecuencia de lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas de los síndromes de emaciación multisistémico postdestete (SEMP) y síndrome dermatitis nefropatía porcina (SDNP), en cerdos de una granja del estado de Yucatán, México. Se seleccionó un lote de producción formado por 235 cerdos, los cuales fueron observados desde la 4 a las 22 semanas de vida para determinar el número de casos nuevos compatibles con SEMP y SDNP. Se practicaron estudios post mortem a todos los cerdos desechados con signos compatibles con SEMP y SDNP. Se realizó el estudio de órganos de 80 cerdos, inspeccionando pulmones, linfonodos, bazo, hígado, tonsilas, íleon, riñones y piel. Se colectaron muestras para histopatología de todos los órganos. Los resultados fueron: 14 cerdos con signos compatibles, 7 con el SEMP y 7 con el SDNP. La incidencia acumulada y verdadera para ambos síndromes fue de 0.06 y 0.0034 respectivamente. Cinco cerdos murieron, 3 con el SEMP y 2 con el SDNP. La tasa de letalidad calculada para el SEMP fue de 0.4 y para el SDNP de 0.3. El tiempo medio de los SEMP y SDNP fue de 13.8 y 16.8 semanas respectivamente. El órgano afectado con mayor frecuencia fueron los linfonodos (100%), la lesión macroscópica más frecuente fue linfadenomegalia con edema difuso (56%) y la microscópica linfadenitis histiocítica con atrofia linfoide (64%).